Acute vigabatrin-phenobarbitone-interaction on exploratory behaviour of rats

Vigabatrin (gamma-vinyl GABA) is an irreversible inh:bitor of the enzyme GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) which is responsible for the catabolism of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. Vigabatrin causes a several fold increase in the levels of brain GABA. The current study investigated further the effects of acute treatment with vigabatrin (100 mgl kg, i.p.) & phenobarbitone sodium (20 mg/kg, i.p.)f alone and in combination, in two rat behavioural models of exploratory activity: the elevated plus-maze model of anxiety and the open field test of locomotor activity. A single injection of vigabatrin or phenobarbitone alone, produced anxiolytic effects in the elevated plus-maze test and increased locomotor activity in the open field test. In contrast, after the concomitant administration of both drugs, the anxiolytic effects were no longer produced in the elevated plus-maze. The increased locomotor activity was also diminished in both tests of exploratory behaviour. These results shed light on the GABA hypothesis of anxiety, insofar as the increased availability of GABA, resulting from either GABA-T inhibition (vigabatrin) or facilitation of GABA-mediated chloride channels (phenobarbitone), seems to result in an increased emotional reactivity which, however, subsequently disappears during combined treatment.peer-reviewe

Reliable Web Service Consumption Through Mobile Cloud Computing

The mobile intermittent wireless connectivity limits the evolution of the mobile landscape. Achieving web service reliability results in low communication overhead and correct retrieval of the appropriate state response. In this chapter, we discuss and analyze two approaches based on middleware approach, Reliable Service Architecture using Middleware (RSAM), and Reliable Approach using Middleware and WebSocket (RAMWS). These approaches achieve the reliability of web services consumed by mobile devices and propose an enhanced architecture that achieves the reliability under various conditions with minimum communication data overhead. In these experiments, we covered several cases to prove the achievement of reliability. Results also show that the request size was found to be constant, the response size is identical to the traditional architecture, and the increase in the consumption time was less than 5% with the different response sizes

Cellulase production from waste paper using Trichoderma species isolated from rhizospheric soil

The recent interest in bioconversion of cellulosic wastes to value added chemicals has led to extensive studies on microorganisms capable of producing the enzyme. The possibility of using waste paper for the production of cellulase by Trichoderma species isolated from the soil was investigated using submerged fermentation technique. The fermentation temperature and pH were varied. Results indicated that maximum cellulase production of 0.18 IU/ml/min was obtained at 96 h. Maximal enzyme activity was at pH 5 when compared to the activity obtained at pH of 6.0 (0.11 IU/ml/min) and 7.0 (0.06 IU/ml/min). Incubation temperature influenced the cellulase production greatly with about 50% of the cellulase activity lost when the temperature was switched from 28 to 37°C. The cultivation and application of the organism in cellulose hydrolysis will lead to efficient conversion of cellulose materials to other important products.Key words: Cellulose, Trichoderma, cellulase, submerged, fermentation, wastepaper

Holographic three-point functions of giant gravitons

Working within the AdS/CFT correspondence we calculate the three-point function of two giant gravitons and one pointlike graviton using methods of semiclassical string theory and considering both the case where the giant gravitons wrap an S^3 in S^5 and the case where the giant gravitons wrap an S^3 in AdS_5. We likewise calculate the correlation function in N=4 SYM using two Schur polynomials and a single trace chiral primary. We find that the gauge and string theory results have structural similarities but do not match perfectly, and interpret this in terms of the Schur polynomials' inability to interpolate between dual giant and pointlike gravitons.Comment: 21 page

RESULTS OF Fc-PROTEIN FUSION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION FOR VACCINE DESIGN AGAINST INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF ANIMALS AND HUMAN

The main criteria for current vaccines design are effectiveness, efficaciousness and safety. Increasing requirements for vaccine safety and purity push forward not only classical vaccine development, but also new generation vaccine technology, including sub-unit, recombinant, anti-idiotypic, DNA vaccines etc. This recombinant technology has already demonstrated its advantage, efficaciousness and safety in a large field of therapeutic and curative drug development for animal and human (S. Khan et al., 2016). In 2011, six novel drugs were created based on the new Fc-fusion protein technology. Most of the newly developed drugs affect receptor-ligand interactions, acting as antagonists by blocking direct receptor binding, i.e. Enbrel (etanercept; Amgen, USA), Zaltrap (aflibercept; Sanofi, France), Arcalyst (rilonacept; Regeneron, USA), or as agonists for direct stimulation of receptor function which augment immune response as Amevive (alefacept, Astellas, USA) does, or decrease immune response as Nplate (romiplostim; Amgen, USA) does. In this review, we pay attention to the most relevant results from the last few years for virus and bacterial vaccine designed based on Fc-fusion technology. The Fc-chimeras are hybrid sequences in which Fc-fragment of IgG (Fc-IgG) and targeted therapeutic protein are fused in an entire protein molecule (V. Pechtner et al., 2017). In this fusion, the hinge region of Fc-IgG is a flexible spacer between therapeutic protein and conservative part of IgG. It helps to minimize potential negative effect of two functional domains to each other. Therapeutic drugs based on Fc-fusion proteins are divided in three types, the receptor-Fc, peptide-Fc, and monomer-Fc. The Fc-fused proteins have tremendous therapeutic potential, since Fc domain in this molecules helps to specifically augment the pharmaco-dynamics values. Presence of Fc-domain in hybrid molecules prolongs half elimination of protein from plasma, which extends drug therapeutic activity and slows down kidney clearance for large molecules. Here, we summarize the most significant experimental data of Fc-fusion technology application against such pathogens as human immunodeficiency virus (D. Capon et al., 1989), Ebola virus (K. Konduru et al., 2011), Dengue virus (M.Y. Kim et al., 2018), influenza virus (L. Du et al., 2011), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (S. Soleimanpour et al., 2015), classical swine fever virus (Z. Liu et al., 2017). We also discuss the critical aspects of mechanism of action, drug design and Fc-fused protein production. Targeted activation of effector systems boosts protective potential of immuno-genic molecules and broadens its application. The interest of this review is focused on an application of Fc-fused proteins as potential vaccines against infectious human and animal diseases. We also briefly discuss the perspectives of Fc-fused antigens for novel effective medicine developments using African swine fever virus as an example

Correlators of Vertex Operators for Circular Strings with Winding Numbers in AdS5xS5

We compute semiclassically the two-point correlator of the marginal vertex operators describing the rigid circular spinning string state with one large spin and one windining number in AdS_5 and three large spins and three winding numbers in S^5. The marginality condition and the conformal invariant expression for the two-point correlator obtained by using an appropriate vertex operator are shown to be associated with the diagonal and off-diagonal Virasoro constraints respectively. We evaluate semiclassically the three-point correlator of two heavy circular string vertex operators and one zero-momentum dilaton vertex operator and discuss its relation with the derivative of the dimension of the heavy circular string state with respect to the string tension.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, no figure

Magnetic Properties of a Superconductor with no Inversion Symmetry

We study the magnetic properties of a superconductor in a crystal without $z \to -z$ symmetry, in particular how the lack of this symmetry exhibits itself. We show that, though the penetration depth itself shows no such effect, for suitable orientation of magnetic field, there is a magnetic field discontinuity at the interface which shows this absence of symmetry. The magnetic field profile of a vortex in the $x-y$ plane is shown to be identical to that of an ordinary anisotropic superconductor except for a shift in the $-z$ direction by ${\tilde \kappa} \lambda_x$ (see errata). For a vortex along $z$, there is an induced magnetization along the radial direction.Comment: J. Low Temp. Physics, 140, 67 (2005); with Errat